Indonesia’s adoption of the Free and Active foreign policy doctrine in 1948 entails the need to maintain strategic autonomy, especially within the development of its defence capabilities. The US and its allies' military embargo during the 1990s period is an expensive lesson learned for Indonesia in its efforts to maintain independency. In this regard, this paper suggested that to maintain ind…
The Treaty Law has been prevailing for more than twenty years and it is appropriate to question its relevancy and implementation. Moreover, there are three judicial cases on international agreements and the Treaty Law that reflect the emerge of issues concerning treaty incorporation in Indonesia. Hence, using qualitative method, this review analysed the concept of treaty incorporation and its i…
In 2022, Ethiopia was the second largest country in Africa in terms of population. It has a population of 120 million people, with work force amounting to 56 million people. Ethiopia’s GDP per capita is around 1.000 USD, the number will keeps increasing since Ethiopia manage to maintain its economic growth at 8,8% on average for the past 20 years. Ethiopian people is working hard to transform…
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (MoFA RI) needs to take steps following the agreement between Indonesia and Japan to elevate the partnership status from the Strategic Partnership to the comprehensive Strategic Partnership at the 8th Indonesia-Japan Ministerial Level Strategic Dialogue on March 6, 2023, in Tokyo. The formulation of the steps needs to be carried ou…
Diverse issues faced by the missions have to be addressed effectively and efficiently, to reach the optimum goals for economic diplomacy. All aspects of organization need to be addressed to achieve organizational best outcome. An organization would not achieve its goal effectively and efficiently if they focused only on one of the issues. This paper would try to assist the enhancement of Indone…
Support for the advancement of Indonesian SMEs, which number around 65 million, is a main priority for the Government of the Republic of Indonesia, which is also Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ (MOFA) main priority in carrying out the economic diplomacy. The economic diplomacy is expected to create business opportunities of businessmen, especially for SMEs. MOFA played roles with various promoti…
Foreign public and private entities have been utilising the Metaverse for economic purposes. However, Indonesia has not fully utilised it. This paper argues that Indonesian Foreign Ministry and diplomats should explore utilisation of the Metaverse to advance Indonesian economic diplomacy. Not doing so may trap Indonesia as a mere market and hinder Indonesia from economic innovation. This pap…
The Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs considers film to be a valuable asset of popular cultural diplomacy. The film industry has the potential to contribute significantly to a country's brand, image, soft power, and creative economy. Through film, Indonesia can promote its nature, culture, values, history, tourism, products, and economy. Indonesian films can compete with foreign films in t…
In the midst of the growing food, energy and climate crises, the issue of water is becoming more strategic. Water not only touches upon people’s daily lives, but also intersects many interests in foreign policy. With its immense capabilities to do more, Indonesia should elevate the issue of water in its foreign policy, in which Kemlu plays a central role by unleashing water diplomacy. This mu…
As one of basic duties of diplomats, reporting continues to play important roles in diplomacy. This means that diplomats every day produce huge amount of data, information, and knowledge which need to be managed and processed to be used for foreign-policy making. The great amounts of information then form collective knowledge or institutional memory of the Ministry. Management of such tremendou…