Foreign language proficiency is essential for effective diplomacy, as diplomats must communicate and convey messages accurately in different linguistic and cultural contexts. However, many Indonesian diplomats primarily speak English, which may limit their effectiveness in non-English-speaking countries. This paper examines the language training efforts of Indonesia’s Ministry of Foreign Affa…
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia (MoFA) participated in 37 National Project Priorities (NPPs) between 2018 and 2021, covering issues such as border security, citizen protection, and international cooperation. Its participation in multilateral initiatives has contributed to maintaining peace, strengthening international law, and promoting cooperation. However, implementation has not …
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Indonesia (MoFA) has implemented gender mainstreaming policies to promote gender equality and justice in the workplace. However, systematic evaluation of these policies remains limited. This paper develops a Gender Equality Indicator (GEI) to assess workplace gender equality in areas such as education, career advancement, equal pay, representation, sexual hara…
Modern diplomacy is undergoing significant changes due to digitalization, globalization, new diplomatic actors, and increasing public involvement. These developments require the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Kemlu) to improve its human resource management, including recruitment, training, and career development. However, existing bureaucratic reforms have not fully addressed the chall…
In 2020, Indonesia introduced a digital services tax (DST) to increase state revenue by taxing multinational digital companies operating in Indonesia. However, the policy faced challenges from the United States, including potential retaliatory tariffs that could affect bilateral trade. This paper argues that the DST should be addressed through economic diplomacy, considering its broader implica…