Indonesia’s development cooperation (IDC) has expanded over the past two decades but remains underutilized as a strategic instrument of foreign policy. Its effectiveness is constrained by the absence of a unified strategic vision, fragmented coordination, limited institutional capacity, and heavy reliance on state-budget funding. Revitalizing IDC requires a formal strategic framework, stronge…
This paper examines Indonesia's international development cooperation as a diplomatic instrument to enhance presence and engagement with Pacific countries, focusing on grant-funded infrastructure projects. Data from 2019–2025 shows steady growth in both value and number of Indonesia's grant projects in the Pacific, with infrastructure accounting for 68.3% of total grant value allocated to the…