On February 2024, Indonesia will hold its general election, directly electing the President, Vice President, and legislative council members (DPR, DPRD, DPD). This event will be the second time Indonesia has had a direct general election following the 2019 general election. Voters’ data is a crucial tool that supports the general election, although it constantly becomes an issue. Even the acc…
As stated in the Vienna Convention 1961 on Diplomatic Relation, the functions of a diplomatic mission consist, inter alia, of (1) representing, (2) protecting, (3) negotiating, (4) promoting, and (5) reporting. Diplomat as the Foreign Services Officers in the mission are the civil servants who are working for the realization of their national foreign policy at the accredited country. One of …
As a party to the Paris Agreement, Indonesia is committed to the global goal of limiting earth temperature to 1,5 degree Celsius, pre-industrial level, to achieve an even broader goal of Net Zero Emission (NZE) by 2060 as a response to a warmer earth and climate change. Furthermore, Indonesia has taken its own measures to contribute to this goal by establishing several Government Regulations an…
The bilateral relation between Indonesia and Russia has been established since more than 70 years ago. In 2003, the relation was elevated into Declaration on Strategic Partnership. The Economic Cooperation is more advance than others cooperation. This paper is aimed to identify key factors affecting the bilateral trade cooperation and to propose recommendation to the Ministry of Foreign Affa…
The Indonesia Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) recognizes the importance of maintaining and increasing Indonesia's positive image as part of its foreign policy. The success in achieving this target has been made possible by a comprehensive and multi-actor policy strategy, which includes the Friends of Indonesia as one of the essential elements. Friends of Indonesia plays a significant role in…
Space is becoming more vital for the interest of humankind. Its importance cannot be understated in the coming future, where space will become even more crucial for international security and global prosperity. There are several aspects of the importance of space: i) space has abundant potential for material natural resources; ii) countries can use outer space to help life on Earth, for example…
Economic Diplomacy is one of Indonesia’s foreign policy priorities. Among it’s various forms and mechanisms, trade, investment, export and import are the most recognized terms. As a priority, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) have encouraged many stakeholders to be involved, and the recent one is Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises (MSOEs). It is expected that by collaborating with the MSOE…
Indonesia’s adoption of the Free and Active foreign policy doctrine in 1948 entails the need to maintain strategic autonomy, especially within the development of its defence capabilities. The US and its allies' military embargo during the 1990s period is an expensive lesson learned for Indonesia in its efforts to maintain independency. In this regard, this paper suggested that to maintain ind…
The Treaty Law has been prevailing for more than twenty years and it is appropriate to question its relevancy and implementation. Moreover, there are three judicial cases on international agreements and the Treaty Law that reflect the emerge of issues concerning treaty incorporation in Indonesia. Hence, using qualitative method, this review analysed the concept of treaty incorporation and its i…
In 2022, Ethiopia was the second largest country in Africa in terms of population. It has a population of 120 million people, with work force amounting to 56 million people. Ethiopia’s GDP per capita is around 1.000 USD, the number will keeps increasing since Ethiopia manage to maintain its economic growth at 8,8% on average for the past 20 years. Ethiopian people is working hard to transform…