This study examines the role of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in supporting Indonesia’s Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) accession process. This involves engagement with 26 OECD committees and alignment with over 240 legal instruments. As vice-chair of the National Team, the Ministry faces challenges such as limited institutional arrangements, coordination gaps …
This paper examines Indonesia's international development cooperation as a diplomatic instrument to enhance presence and engagement with Pacific countries, focusing on grant-funded infrastructure projects. Data from 2019–2025 shows steady growth in both value and number of Indonesia's grant projects in the Pacific, with infrastructure accounting for 68.3% of total grant value allocated to the…
This study examines strategies to strengthen Indonesia’s diplomatic and economic engagement with Africa through targeted capacity-building and foreign aid. It identifies the reactive and ad-hoc nature of existing assistance as a limitation to sustainable cooperation. The study proposes aligning capacity-building programs with African countries’ needs and the African Growth and Opportunity A…
This paper examines Indonesia's economic diplomacy in responding to global boycotts of Israel-affiliated products since October 2023 and explores opportunities to promote national products as alternatives. The boycott movement has significantly impacted multinational consumer industries such as coffee chains, quick-service restaurants, and FMCGs in Muslim-majority countries across the Middle Ea…
This paper examines Indonesia’s inclusive diplomacy in the Pacific by emphasizing Papuan participation in engagement with Melanesia. The Papua issue and questions of cultural legitimacy continue to constrain Indonesia’s diplomacy in the Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) and the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF). Through a literature review, the paper assesses the alignment of the Ministry of Forei…
This paper proposes a strategic framework to strengthen agricultural partnerships between Indonesia and Africa. Relations between both regions are rooted in the 1955 Asian–African Conference and sustained through South–South and Triangular Cooperation (SSTC), knowledge exchange, and capacity building. Although Indonesia brings agricultural expertise and Africa offers vast fertile lands and …
This paper examines the use of Track 1.5 diplomacy to reinforce the Indonesia–U.S. Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP) amid leadership changes in both countries. Following the elevation of relations in November 2023 and the adoption of the 2024–2028 Plan of Action, the America First approach under Trump 2.0 threatens CSP sustainability by narrowing cooperation in climate, sustainable …
This study examines the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to strengthen Indonesia’s foreign policy formulation through data-driven analysis and decision-making. While the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has advanced digital diplomacy, AI integration into policymaking remains limited by manual data management. The study recommends a strategic roadmap supported by a legal framework, central…
This paper examines opportunities and challenges in optimizing promotion strategies for the ASEAN Smart Cities Network (ASCN) to attract foreign investment and address the financing gap for smart city projects in Indonesia. Although ASCN has engaged four Indonesian cities (Jakarta, Banyuwangi, Makassar, and Sumedang) with 15 projects, major obstacles remain, including overreliance on public fun…
This policy paper examines the role of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) in supporting Indonesia's target of 19–23% renewable energy mix by 2030 and its Net Zero Emission (NZE) 2060 commitment. The study highlights that Indonesia's energy transition progress remains below target, with renewable energy reaching only 16% by September 2025, due to fragmented domestic policies and MoFA's lim…