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Forging a resilient nickel industry: Assessing Indonesia-U.S. partnership
Indonesia’s downstreaming policy has expanded domestic processing capacity and increased nickel export value, yet the industry remains concentrated in the midstream battery supply chain and heavily dependent on Chinese investment, technology, and markets. This paper recommends integrating Indonesia’s nickel industry into US-aligned supply chains while maintaining its domestic downstreaming strategy. Scenario analysis identifies the Networked-Nickel Alliance as the most plausible future, with the United States coordinating supply chain integration and Japan and South Korea contributing technological and industrial capabilities. The proposed strategies include negotiating market access and supply chain cooperation with the United States, deepening industrial partnerships with Japan and South Korea, and strengthening domestic technological expertise and human capital. Through phased implementation and coordination led by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Indonesia can enhance industrial resilience, capture greater value, and strengthen its position in the global electric vehicle battery supply chain.
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