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Global governance of critical minerals and Indonesia’s role as producing country: roadmap for norm-setting and multilateral cooperation
US-China competition over critical minerals governance creates opportunities for Indonesia to strengthen its role as a major producer of nickel and other strategic minerals. This paper proposes proactive multilateral rule-shaping through the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and the establishment of the Jakarta Forum on Critical Minerals as a platform for producer-country cooperation. The strategy involves coalition-building in 2026–2027, advancing governance standards in 2027-2030, and consolidating institutional influence through 2035. This approach aims to strengthen Indonesia’s bargaining power and strategic autonomy while promoting transparent and sustainable critical minerals governance.
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